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Inaugural Address
On a frigid Winter's day, January 20, 1961, John Fitzgerald Kennedy took the oath of office as the 35th President of the United States. At age 43, he was the youngest man and the first Roman Catholic ever elected. He had won by one of the smallest margins of victory, only 115,000 popular votes. This is the speech he delivered announcing the dawn of a new era as young Americans born in the 20th century first assumed leadership of the Nation.
Vice President Johnson, Mr. Speaker, Mr. Chief Justice, President Eisenhower, Vice President Nixon, President Truman, reverend clergy, fellow citizens, we observe today not a victory of party, but a celebration of freedom -- symbolizing an end, as well as a beginning -- signifying renewal, as well as change. For I have sworn before you and Almighty God the same solemn oath our forebears prescribed nearly a century and three quarters ago.
The world is very different now. For man holds in his mortal hands the power to abolish all forms of human poverty and all forms of human life. And yet the same revolutionary beliefs for which our forebears fought are still at issue around the globe -- the belief that the rights of man come not from the generosity of the state, but from the hand of God.
We dare not forget today that we are the heirs of that first revolution. Let the word go forth from this time and place, to friend and foe alike, that the torch has been passed to a new generation of Americans, born in this century, tempered by war, disciplined by a hard and bitter peace, proud of our ancient heritage and unwilling to witness or permit the slow undoing of those human rights to which this Nation has always been committed, and to which we are committed today at home and around the world.
Let every nation know, whether it wishes us well or ill, that we shall pay any price, bear any burden, meet any hardship, support any friend, oppose any foe, to assure the survival and the success of liberty.
This much we pledge and more.
To those old allies whose cultural and spiritual origins we share, we pledge the loyalty of faithful friends. United, there is little we cannot do in a host of cooperative ventures. Divided, there is little we can do -- for we dare not meet a powerful challenge at odds and split asunder.
To those new States whom we welcome to the ranks of the free, we pledge our word that one form of colonial control shall not have passed away merely to be replaced by a far more iron tyranny. We shall not always expect to find them supporting our view. But we shall always hope to find them strongly supporting their own freedom -- and to remember that, in the past, those who foolishly sought power by riding the back of the tiger ended up inside.
To those peoples in the huts and villages across the globe struggling to break the bonds of mass misery, we pledge our best efforts to help them help themselves, for whatever period is required, not because the Communists may be doing it, not because we seek their votes, but because it is right. If a free society cannot help the many who are poor, it cannot save the few who are rich.
To our sister republics south of our border, we offer a special pledge -- to convert our good words into good deeds in a new alliance for progress -- to assist free men and free governments in casting off the chains of poverty. But this peaceful revolution of hope cannot become the prey of hostile powers. Let all our neighbors know that we shall join with them to oppose aggression or subversion anywhere in the Americas. And let every other power know that this Hemisphere intends to remain the master of its own house.
To that world assembly of sovereign states, the United Nations, our last best hope in an age where the instruments of war have far outpaced the instruments of peace, we renew our pledge of support -- to prevent it from becoming merely a forum for invective -- to strengthen its shield of the new and the weak and to enlarge the area in which its writ may run.
Finally, to those nations who would make themselves our adversary, we offer not a pledge but a request -- that both sides begin anew the quest for peace, before the dark powers of destruction unleashed by science engulf all humanity in planned or accidental self-destruction.
We dare not tempt them with weakness. For only when our arms are sufficient beyond doubt can we be certain beyond doubt that they will never be employed.
But neither can two great and powerful groups of nations take comfort from our present course -- both sides overburdened by the cost of modern weapons, both rightly alarmed by the steady spread of the deadly atom, yet both racing to alter that uncertain balance of terror that stays the hand of mankind's final war.
So let us begin anew, remembering on both sides that civility is not a sign of weakness, and sincerity is always subject to proof. Let us never negotiate out of fear. But let us never fear to negotiate.
Let both sides explore what problems unite us instead of belaboring those problems which divide us.
Let both sides, for the first time, formulate serious and precise proposals for the inspection and control of arms and bring the absolute power to destroy other nations under the absolute control of all nations.
Let both sides seek to invoke the wonders of science instead of its terrors. Together let us explore the stars, conquer the deserts, eradicate disease, tap the ocean depths, and encourage the arts and commerce.
Let both sides unite to heed in all corners of the earth the command of Isaiah -- to undo the heavy burdens...and let the oppressed go free.
And if a beachhead of cooperation may push back the jungle of suspicion, let both sides join in creating a new endeavor, not a new balance of power, but a new world of law, where the strong are just and the weak secure and the peace preserved.
All this will not be finished in the first 100 days. Nor will it be finished in the first 1,000 days, nor in the life of this administration, nor even perhaps in our lifetime on this planet. But let us begin.
In your hands, my fellow citizens, more than mine, will rest the final success or failure of our course. Since this country was founded, each generation of Americans has been summoned to give testimony to its national loyalty. The graves of young Americans who answered the call to service surround the globe.
Now the trumpet summons us again -- not as a call to bear arms, though arms we need -- not as a call to battle, though embattled we are -- but a call to bear the burden of a long twilight struggle, year in and year out, rejoicing in hope, patient in tribulation -- a struggle against the common enemies of man: tyranny, poverty, disease, and war itself.
Can we forge against these enemies a grand and global alliance, North and South, East and West, that can assure a more fruitful life for all mankind? Will you join in that historic effort?
In the long history of the world, only a few generations have been granted the role of defending freedom in its hour of maximum danger. I do not shrink from this responsibility -- I welcome it. I do not believe that any of us would exchange places with any other people or any other generation. The energy, the faith, the devotion which we bring to this endeavor will light our country and all who serve it -- and the glow from that fire can truly light the world.
And so, my fellow Americans: ask not what your country can do for you -- ask what you can do for your country.
My fellow citizens of the world: ask not what America will do for you, but what together we can do for the freedom of man.
Finally, whether you are citizens of America or citizens of the world, ask of us here the same high standards of strength and sacrifice which we ask of you. With a good conscience our only sure reward, with history the final judge of our deeds, let us go forth to lead the land we love, asking His blessing and His help, but knowing that here on earth God's work must truly be our own.
John F. Kennedy - January 20, 1961
Today, we played the measles vaccine at school. My left hand now and people with disabilities. My small eyes, a good idea, are brewing: my left hand is not convenient to move, it would be better experience life for the disabled in an hour!
These days the temperature drops, I also shivering in the building, I from the closet, a down jacket. I put my clothes of left port on the left hand fingers, the sleeves a little to be brought, right is right, just a stretch. "Have a meal!" "Mom, do you hear." I haven't pull zipper? I plug one end of the cord into the zipper, but it seems to mean and I can not pass, it ran a. I can't plugged in.. That is, mother see I also not to come out, angry, shouted "come out to dinner!" I have to go out of the bedroom, said: "mother help me pull lock." Mother looked at my arm, in distress situation, so we have to help me to pull on the cord.
I began to eat, I used to eat with a spoon, rice haven't to the spoon, bowl is run. Mom said, quickly bring my chopsticks. Much better this time, I'm a little eat the food, but broke the record of have a meal, today actually took 30 minutes!
Went to brush my teeth after the meal. I'll take YaGang filled with water and put the toothbrush on YaGang, I bite a toothpaste cover, hand toothpaste unscrewed, very effort. Put the toothpaste squeezed out and began to brush your teeth. After brush the teeth, I look at the table, with almost one hour!
The lives of people with disabilities originally so difficult, I later must help the disabled, more do not laugh at them, a helping hand to them, my love.
Life is not about just getting by. Life is about reaching ever higher, building one achievement on top of another, and creating real, meaningful value in each moment.
生活并不是过得去就行,而是需要我们每时每刻都有所超越,不断取得成就,并且创造真正的、有意义的价值。
A common stone on the ground does a great job of just getting by. You, on the other hand, are destined1 for much more spectacular things. Yes, indeed, you will certainly meet a number of challenges when you make the effort to raise your world even a little bit higher. The good thing is, you are superbly equipped to thrive on those challenges.
地上的一块普通的石子只是躺在那里就做得很好了。然而,你注定是要做大事的。是的,当你努力提升自己时,你的确会遇到许多困难,哪怕只是提升一点点。幸运的是,你有能力战胜那些挑战。
If life seems unsuccessful, it’s not because of the challenges or limitations that stand in your way. It’s because you refuse to see the exceptional opportunities that those challenges represent.
如果生活看起来并不是一帆风顺的,那并不是因为你前方的道路上有挑战或阻碍,而是因为你没有看到那些挑战中蕴藏的良机。
This is your precious and unique life, and it is absolutely worth all the trouble and effort you must go through to make it great. Within you at this moment are beautiful dreams, and you can begin to live in the direction of those dreams whenever you choose.
这是你所珍爱的、独一无二的生活。为了让它变得更美好,经历困难、付出努力都是值得的。此刻,你的内心充满着美好的梦想,只要你选择,你就可以朝着梦想的方向生活。
Let go of the false security of just getting by, and get yourself into focus on a purpose that will bring your life gloriously to life. Your very own pathway to success is just one quick step away.
摒弃生活只要过得去就行这样的错误观点,全心投入一个目标――让你的生活更加精彩。成功之路离你仅一步之遥。
丘吉尔曾受邀在某校毕业典礼上讲话。在校长冗长的介绍后,他只说了一句话:”永远,永远,永远不要放弃。”(Never, never, never give up.) 就走下讲台。这被称为历史上最短的毕业演讲。其实,这是一个误传。丘吉尔1941年在哈罗公学演讲时提到过这句话,但过程却并没有这么传奇。
每到毕业季,各大高校都会请来名人给毕业生做演讲。当这样的演讲多了,其内容不仅算不上传奇,甚至可能难免俗套。本期我们就来一起看看吧。
【名人演讲第一招:套近乎】
演讲之初先要营造轻松的氛围,演讲者们深谙这个道理,于是各种开场方式悉数登场。 Class of 20xx! I don't think I heard you. (Larry Page)
09届的同学们!你们的掌声在哪里?(拉里・佩奇)
Thank you for that nice reception and thank you Virginia for the incredible introduction. I thought some of them were about somebody else. (Tim Cook)
谢谢大家,谢谢弗吉尼亚(主持人)那么卖力地推销我。我一度以为她在介绍别人呢。(蒂姆・库克)
The first thing I would like to say is "thank you". Not only has Harvard given me an extraordinary honor, but the weeks of fear and nausea I've experienced at the thought of giving this commencement address have made me lose weight. (J.K. Rowling)
我想说的第一句话是”谢谢”。不仅因为哈佛给了我这样非同一般的荣誉,还因为一想到今天的演讲,我就紧张恐惧、茶饭不思,几个星期下来竟然减肥成功。(J・K・罗琳)
【名人演讲第二招:自嘲】
自嘲几乎是大部分名人演讲的必杀技。不过注意哦,这种自嘲有时候可能是一种变相的吹嘘。 I know exactly what it feels like to be sitting in your seat, listening to some old gasbag give a long-winded commencement speech. (Larry Page)
我十分清楚你们现在坐在台下的感受:听我们这些老家伙絮叨,老生常谈。(拉里・佩奇) Last year, J.K. Rowling, the billionaire novelist, who started as a classics student, graced this podium. The year before, Bill Gates, the mega-billionaire philanthropist and computer nerd stood here. Today, sadly, you have me. I am not wealthy, but at least I am a nerd. (Steven Chu)
去年登上这个讲台的,是拥有亿万身家的小说家罗琳女士,她最早是一个古典文学的学生。前年站在这里的是比尔・盖茨先生,他是一个超级富翁、慈善家和电脑高手(nerd)。今年很遗憾,你们的演讲人是我。虽然我不像他们那么有钱,但至少我也算一个高手(nerd还有”笨蛋”的意思)。(朱棣文)
I applaud the graduates today for taking a much more direct route to your degrees. For my part, I'm just happy that the Crimson has called me "Harvard's most successful dropout". I guess that makes me valedictorian of my own special class...I did the best of everyone who failed. (Bill Gates)
我为今天在座的各位同学感到高兴,你们拿到学位可比我容易多了。我值得称道的也只有被哈佛的校报称作”哈佛大学历史上最成功的辍学生”了。我想这大概使我有资格代表我这一类学生发言……在所有的失败者里,我做得最好。(比尔・盖茨)
【名人演讲第三招:哭穷】
功成名就的演讲者们肯定少不了要分享下自己过去辛酸的经历,好让台下的学子们“开心开心”。
(After I dropped out of Reed College) I didn't have a dorm room, so I slept on the floor in friends' rooms, I returned coke bottles for the 5-cent deposits to buy food with, and I would walk the 7 miles across town every Sunday night to get one good meal a week at the Hare Krishna temple. (Steve Jobs)
(从里德学院退学后)我无法再住宿舍,所以只能借宿在朋友房间的地板上,我去捡5美分一个的可乐瓶,以此赚钱来购买食物,我会在每个周日走上7英里,穿过小城,到克利须那神庙,只为晚上那顿一周一次的美餐。(史蒂夫・乔布斯)
A mere 7 years after my graduation day, I had failed on an epic scale. An exceptionally short-lived marriage had imploded, and I was jobless, a lone parent, and as poor as it is possible to be in modern Britain, without being homeless. (J.K. Rowling)
毕业7年之后,我遭遇了彻底的失败。我那极其短暂的婚姻走到了尽头,再加上失业,作为一个单身母亲,我沦落到穷困潦倒的.境地,就差无家可归了。(J・K・罗琳)
I did everything. I shucked oysters, I was a hostess, I was a bartender, I was a waitress, I painted houses, I sold vacuum cleaners, I had no idea. And I thought I'd just finally settle in some job, and I would make enough money to pay my rent. (Ellen DeGeneres)
我那时什么工作都做,剥过牡蛎、做过迎宾、酒保、服务员、粉刷房子、卖吸尘器,我完全不知道自己想做什么。我只想随便找个工作糊口,能有钱付得起房租就行。(艾伦・德杰尼勒斯)
【名人演讲第四招:挫折与抉择】
几乎每个成功人士的背后,好像都至少有一次面临挫折和抉择,然后绝处逢生的经历。
[挫折篇]
I listened and waited for Professor Childs to say how well written my thesis was. He didn't. And so after about 45 minutes I finally said, "So. What did you think of the writing?"
我等待着希望听到蔡尔兹教授告诉我我的论文写得多么好。但他没有。于是等了45分钟后,我终于开口问,“那你怎么评价我的写作呢?”
"Put it this way," he said. "Never try to make a living at it." (Michael Lewis)
“这么说吧,”他说,“千万不要靠这个谋生。”(迈克尔・刘易斯)
And then I got fired. How can you get fired from a company you started? Well, as Apple grew we hired someone who I thought was very talented to run the company with me, and for the first year or so things went well. But then our visions of the future began to diverge and eventually we had a falling out. When we did, our Board of Directors sided with him. (Steve Jobs)
那一年,我被炒了鱿鱼。你怎么可能被自己创立的公司炒鱿鱼?是这样的,在苹果快速成长的时候,我们雇了一个我觉得很有天分的家伙和我一起管理公司,最初几年,公司运转得很好。但后来我们对未来的看法发生了分歧,最终吵了起来。面对不可调和的分歧,董事会站在了他那一边。(史蒂夫・乔布斯)
And I thought, "What's the worst that could happen? I can lose my career." I did. I lost my career. The show was canceled after 6 years, without even telling me, I read it in the paper. The phone didn't ring for 3 years. I had no offers. Nobody wanted to touch me at all. (Ellen DeGeneres)
那时我想,最惨的会是什么呢?也就是失业吧。结果,我真的失业了。我的节目在做了6年后,没有告知我就停播了,我看了报纸才知道。家里的电话3年没有再响过,没人找我做节目,没人愿意提及我。(艾伦・德杰尼勒斯)
[抉择篇]
My employer at the time, Compaq Computer, was the largest personal computer company in the world. One CEO I consulted felt so strongly about it. He told me I would be a fool to leave Compaq for Apple (a small company then). (Tim Cook)
我当时的东家康柏公司是当时全球最大的个人电脑生产商。我咨询一位CEO朋友的意见,他坚定地说,我脑袋被驴踢了才会为了苹果(当时还是一个很小的公司)离开康柏。(蒂姆・库克)
I called up my father. I told him I was going to quit this job that now promised me millions of dollars to write a book for an advance of 40 grand. There was a long pause on the other end of the line. "You might just want to think about that," he said. I didn't need to think about it. (Michael Lewis)
我打电话给我父亲,告诉他我要辞掉这个百万美元的工作来写一本只有4万美元预付款的书。电话那边沉默了很久。他说:“也许你该再考虑一下。”我根本不需要考虑。(迈克尔・刘易斯) I got the idea to start Amazon 16 years ago. I had just turned 30 years old, and I'd been married for a year. I told my wife that I wanted to quit my job and go do this crazy thing that probably wouldn't work. She told me I should go for it. (Jeff Bezos)
16年前,我萌生了创办亚马逊的想法。那时我刚刚30岁,结婚才1年。我告诉妻子想辞去工作,然后去做这件疯狂而且很可能失败的事情。她告诉我,我应该放手一搏。(杰夫・贝索斯)
【名人演讲第五招:温情回归】
每当提到自己的家人,演讲者们都是充满自豪感和温情的。此情此景,常常令人动容。 My dad was so full of life; anything with him was an adventure. (Randy Pausch)
我父亲是如此的充满生命力,与他在一起做任何事都是一种探险。(兰迪・波许)
A long time ago, in this cold September of 1962, there was a Steven's co-op at this very university. That co-op had a kitchen with a ceiling that had been cleaned by student volunteers. Picture a college girl named Gloria, climbing up high on a ladder, struggling to clean that filthy ceiling. Standing on the floor, a young boarder named Carl was admiring the view. And that's how they met. They were my parents. (Larry Page)
很久以前,1962年的寒冷9月,这座校园里有一家史蒂文消费合作社,学生志愿者负责打扫厨房的天花板。想象这样一幅场景:一位名叫格洛里亚的女大学生,爬上了高高的梯子,努力地打扫那脏兮兮的天花板。另一位名叫卡尔的寄宿生站在地上,对此情此景钦佩不已。这是他俩的初次邂逅。他们就是我的父母。(拉里・佩奇)
When I was awarded a Nobel Prize, I thought my mother would be satisfied. Not so. When I called her on the morning of the announcement, she replied, "That's nice, but when are you going to visit me next." (Steven Chu)
我得到诺贝尔奖的时候,我想我妈妈会高兴。但是我错了。消息公布的那天早上,我给她打电话,她听了只说:“这是好消息,不过我想知道,你打算什么时候来看我?”(朱棣文)
【名人演讲第六招:引经据典】
他们演讲时说的话经常被我们拿来当励志名言,但其实呢,他们自己也需要励志名言。 Jimmy Stewart, as Elwood P. Dowd in the movie "Harvey" got it exactly right. He said: "Years ago my mother used to say to me, 'In this world, you must be oh so smart or oh so pleasant.'" Well, for years I was smart... I recommend pleasant. (Steven Chu)
电影《我的朋友叫哈维》中,斯图尔特扮演的艾尔伍德说得很对。他说:“多年前,母亲曾对我说:活在这个世界上,你要么做一个聪明人,要么做一个好人。”我做聪明人已经好多年了。但我推荐你们做好人。(朱棣文)
When I was 17, I read a quote that went something like: "If you live each day as if it was your last, someday you'll most certainly be right." Remembering that I'll be dead soon is the most important tool I've ever encountered to help me make the big choices in life. (Steve Jobs)
17岁的时候, 我读到一句话:“如果你把每一天都当作生命中最后一天去生活的话,那么有一天你会发现你是正确的。”“记住你即将死去”是我一生中遇到的最重要箴言。它帮我做出生命中的重要抉择。(史蒂夫・乔布斯)
One of the things he (Jon Snoddy) told me was to wait long enough and people will surprise and impress you. He said when you're pissed off at somebody and you're angry at them, you just haven't given them enough time. (Randy Pausch)
他(乔恩・史诺地)告诉我,给人们足够的时间,人人都会有让你惊讶和叹服的一面。他说,当你对别人怨恼愤怒时,你只是还没有给他们足够的时间。(兰迪・波许)
最后,本文将以这些演讲者原创或引用的语录作为结束语:
Stay Hungry. Stay Foolish.
求知若渴,虚心若愚。(史蒂夫・乔布斯引用凯文・凯利)
Experience is what you get when you didn't get what you wanted.
经验是你求之不得后的收获。(兰迪・波许)
Never lose the child-like wonder.
永远不要失去孩童般的好奇心。(兰迪・波许)
Your critics are your ones telling you they still love you and care.
批评你的人是在告诉你他们仍然爱你关心你。(兰迪・波许)
As is a tale, so is life: not how long it is, but how good it is, is what matters.
人生就像故事:不在于长短,而在于质量,这才是最重要的。(J・K・罗琳引用塞内加) Insanity is doing the same things over and over again and expecting different results.
精神错乱是指一遍遍地重复却期待不一样的结果。(蒂姆・库克引用爱因斯坦)
Be true to yourself and everything will be fine.
做真实的你,一切都会没事的。(艾伦・德杰尼勒斯)
As Americans gather to celebrate this week, we show our gratitude for the many blessings in our lives. We are grateful for our friends and families who fill our lives with purpose and love. Were grateful for our beautiful country, and for the prosperity we enjoy. Were grateful for the chance to live, work and worship in freedom. And in this Thanksgiving week, we offer thanks and praise to the provider of all these gifts, Almighty God.
We also recognize our duty to share our blessings with the least among us. Throughout the holiday season, schools, churches, synagogues and other generous organizations gather food and clothing for their neighbors in need. Many young people give part of their holiday to volunteer at homeless shelters or food pantries. On Thanksgiving, and on every day of the year, America is a more hopeful nation because of the volunteers who serve the weak and the vulnerable.
The Thanksgiving tradition of compassion and humility dates back to the earliest days of our society. And through the years, our deepest gratitude has often been inspired by the most difficult times. Almost four centuries ago, the pilgrims set aside time to thank God after suffering through a bitter winter. George Washington held Thanksgiving during a trying stay at Valley Forge. And President Lincoln revived the Thanksgiving tradition in the midst of a civil war.
The past year has brought many challenges to our nation, and Americans have met every one with energy, optimism and faith. After lifting our economy from a recession, manufacturers and entrepreneurs are creating jobs again. Volunteers from across the country came together to help hurricane victims rebuild. And when the children of Beslan, Russia suffered a brutal terrorist attack, the world saw Americas generous heart in an outpouring of compassion and relief.
The greatest challenges of our time have come to the men and women who protect our nation. Were fortunate to have dedicated firefighters and police officers to keep our streets safe. Were grateful for the homeland security and intelligence personnel who spend long hours on faithful watch. And we give thanks to the men and women of our military who are serving with courage and skill, and making our entire nation proud.
i come to this magnificent house of worship tonight because my conscience leaves me no other choice. i join you in this meeting because i am in deepest agreement with the aims and work of the organization which has brought us together: clergy and laymen concerned about vietnam. the recent statements of your executive committee are the sentiments of my own heart, and i found myself in full accord when i read its opening lines: "a time comes when silence is betrayal." and that time has come for us in relation to vietnam.
the truth of these words is beyond doubt, but the mission to which they call us is a most difficult one. even when pressed by the demands of inner truth, men do not easily assume the task of opposing their government's policy, especially in time of war. nor does the human spirit move without great difficulty against all the apathy of conformist thought within one's own bosom and in the surrounding world. moreover, when the issues at hand seem as perplexed as they often do in the case of this dreadful conflict, we are always on the verge of being mesmerized by uncertainty; but we must move on.
and some of us who have already begun to break the silence of the night have found that the calling to speak is often a vocation of agony, but we must speak. we must speak with all the humility that is appropriate to our limited vision, but we must speak. and we must rejoice as well, for surely this is the first time in our nation's history that a significant number of its religious leaders have chosen to move beyond the prophesying of smooth patriotism to the high grounds of a firm dissent based upon the mandates of conscience and the reading of history. perhaps a new spirit is rising among us. if it is, let us trace its movements and pray that our own inner being may be sensitive to its guidance, for we are deeply in need of a new way beyond the darkness that seems so close around us.
over the past two years, as i have moved to break the betrayal of my own silences and to speak from the burnings of my own heart, as i have called for radical departures from the destruction of vietnam, many persons have questioned me about the wisdom of my path. at the heart of their concerns this query has often loomed large and loud: "why are you speaking about the war, dr. king?" "why are you joining the voices of dissent?" "peace and civil rights don't mix," they say. "aren't you hurting the cause of your people," they ask? and when i hear them, though i often understand the source of their concern, i am nevertheless greatly saddened, for such questions mean that the inquirers have not really known me, my commitment or my calling. indeed, their questions suggest that they do not know the world in which they live.
in the light of such tragic misunderstanding, i deem it of signal importance to try to state clearly, and i trust concisely, why i believe that the path from dexter avenue baptist church -- the church in montgomery, alabama, where i began my pastorate -- leads clearly to this sanctuary tonight.